Abstract:[Objective] To find out the prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in Dali, avoid the mismatch between vaccines and epidemic strains, which will affect the prevention and control effect. [Method] 4800 pig lungs and spleens samples were collected in Dali Prefecture, perform RT-PCR detection through RNA extraction and concentration detection, reverse transcription, specific gene expression, agarose gel electrophoresis detection, PCR product DNA sequencing, and strain sequence evolution tree analysis. [Result] 5 samples were positive, the rest 4,795 samples were all negative, with a positive rate of only 0.104%. The 5 positive samples detected highly pathogenic PRRSV. After Nsp2 gene sequencing, sequence alignment and evolutionary tree analysis, 5 samples all belonged to the JXA1 strain. [Conclusion] At present, the PRRSV strain in Dali Prefecture is the JXA1 strain, and the prevention and control effect is significant. But we still need further strengthen the detection of PRRSV, scientifica

Abstract:RT-PCR and ELISA techniques were used to analyze the prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in Dali using 4 800 porcine lungs and spleens collected from various districts of Dali as experimental materials.After RNA extraction,concentration detection,reverse transcription,RT-PCR amplification,agarose gel electrophoresis detection,sequencing,and phylogenetic evolution tree analysis of the strains sequences.The results showed that:(1)There were 5 positive samples,while the remaining 4 795 samples were negative,with a positive rate of only 0.104%.(2)Sequencing comparison of the positive samples revealed that they were all highly pathogenic PRRSV infections.(3)After Nsp2 gene sequencing,sequence comparison and phylogenetic tree analysis,all 5 samples belonged to the JXA1 strain.The study found that the prevalent strain of PRRSV in Dali is the JXA1 strain,which is currently well prevented and controlled.Due to the continuous emergence of mutant strains,there is leakage of commercially available commercial testing reagents,and specific testing methods should be established based on molecular epidemiological information to avoid leakage in the monitoring work.In addition,the use of vaccines for prevention and control should be scientifically and rationally selected,and biosecurity measures and regulation of pig introduction and transfer should be strictly done.

Abstract:The study introduces one case of acute nephritis in the Garfield cat,which exhibited symptoms such as reduced abdominal circumference,sensitivity and pain in the kidney area,arched back when standing,frequent urination,but with small amounts each time.The study introduces the basic information of this case,including general clinical examination,Xray,B ultrasound,and laboratory examination,and provides a comprehensive analysis of the result,so that we can exclude any other possible disease and eventually the cat was diagnosed with acute nephritis and doubtedly associated with pancreatitis.With rational drug use and the principle of protection of the kidney and diuresis,we take active treatment,including immunosuppression,eliminate inflammation,infection control,diuretic therapy and symptomatic treatment,and the cat recovered in ten days.Finally,the study discusses the etiology,diagnosis,and treatment process of this disease,and put forward some practical suggestions on the effective treatment and clinical medication.In conclusion,it is hoped that it will be helpful for animals with acute nephritis.

Abstract:The study introduces one case of acute nephritis in Garfield the cat, who exhibited reduced abdominal circumference, sensitivity and pain in the kidney area, an arched back when standing, frequent urination, but with small amounts each time.The study introduces the basic information of the case, including general clinical examination, X-ray, B ultrasound and laboratory examination and the comprehensive analysis of the result, so that we can exclude any other possible disease and eventually the cat was diagnosed with acute nephritis and doubtedly associated with pancreatitis. With rational drug use and the principle of protection of the kidney and diuresis, we take active treatment, including immunosuppression, eliminate inflammation, infection control, diuretic therapy and symptomatic treatment, and the cat recovered in ten days. The final part of the study is to have a discussion regarding the causes, diagnosis and treatment and put forward some practical suggestions on the effective treatment and Clinical medication. In conclusion, it is hoped that it will be helpful for animals with acute nephritis.

Abstract:This study employed PCR molecular biology techniques and bacterial isolation identification methods to investigate skin tissue and purulent fluid samples from diseased sheep in a farm.The results indicated that:(1)None of the four scab samples tested positive for sheep pox,contagious ecthyma,or footandmouth disease virus;(2)Bacterial isolation and identification from the two samples of purulent fluid revealed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus,which was found to be sensitive to several antibiotics,but resistant to penicillin and ampicillin.The study concludes that the primary pathogenic bacteria in this case of sheep foot-and-mouth purulent abscess are Staphylococcus aureus,and it is recommended that the farm strengthen monitoring and prevention measures against this pathogen,while formulating a reasonable treatment plan based on the antibiotic sensitivity test results.

Abstract:Abstract:This study employed PCR molecular biology techniques and bacterial isolation identification methods to investigate skin tissue and purulent fluid samples from diseased sheep in a farm. The results indicated that: (1) none of the four scab samples tested positive for sheep pox virus, or contagious ecthyma virus, or foot-and-mouth disease virus; (2) bacterial isolation and identification from the two samples of purulent fluid revealed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, which was found to be sensitive to several antibiotics, but resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. The study concludes that the primary pathogenic bacteria in this case of sheep foot-and-mouth purulent abscess are Staphylococcus aureus, and it is recommended that the farm strengthen monitoring and prevention measures against this pathogen, while formulating a reasonable treatment plan based on the antibiotic sensitivity test results.

Abstract:Salmonella is the zoonotic pathogen in Enterobacteriaceae family, which has important public health significance because salmonella-contaminated poultry products are the most important sources of human salmonella infection. The resistance of salmonella is changing from year to year due to the long-term use and abuse of antimicrobials, the spread of resistance genes in salmonella, and the changes in environmental and host factors. Therefore, in order to find out the change of antimicrobial resistance of salmonella in different regions and different years, the literatures about antimicrobial resistance of avian-origin salmonella published at home and abroad during 2011-2023 were reviewed in this paper, and finally it can guide the clinical rational drug use and control the epidemic of Salmonella.

Abstract:Salmonella is the zoonotic pathogen within the family Enterobacteriaceae,which has important public health implications because Salmonella-contaminated poultry products are the most important sources of human Salmonella infection.The resistance of Salmonella is changing from year to year due to the long-term use and abuse of antimicrobials,the spread of resistance genes in Salmonella,and the changes in environmental and host factors.Therefore,in order to find out the change of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in different regions and different years,the literatures about antimicrobial resistance of avian-origin Salmonella published at home and abroad during 2011-2023 were reviewed in this paper,and finally it can guide the clinical rational drug use and control the epidemic of Salmonella.

Abstract:Oesophagostomum mainly parasitize the colon and intestinal lumen of cattle and sheep,and are widely prevalent in cattle and sheep across various parts of China.Infected animals exhibit symptoms such as hunchback,abdominal pain,and stubborn diarrhea.Autopsy reveals colonic wall nodules,intestinal wall rupture,and even peritonitis.Saturated saltwater floating method can detect pale yellow oval eggs,which can be preliminarily diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and egg morphology characteristics.Pathological autopsy reveals intestinal wall nodules and PCR testing can confirm the diagnosis.Oesophagostomum can cause intestinal lesions,leading to the inability to make intestinal casings and reducing the economic benefits of animal husbandry.o prevent and control this disease,a comprehensive approach can be adopted,including avoiding grazing during early morning and evening,treating cattle and sheep manure to ensure it is harmless,and maintaining hygiene in forage and drinking water.

Abstract:Oesophagostomum mainly parasitize the colon and intestinal lumen of cattle and sheep, and are widely present in cattle and sheep in various parts of China. Infected animals exhibit symptoms such as hunchback, abdominal pain, and stubborn diarrhea. Autopsy reveals colonic wall nodules, intestinal wall rupture, and even peritonitis. Saturated salt water floating method can detect pale yellow oval eggs, which can be preliminarily diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and egg morphology characteristics. Pathological autopsy reveals intestinal wall nodules and PCR testing can confirm the diagnosis. Oesophagostomum can cause intestinal lesions, leading to the inability to make intestinal casings and reducing the economic benefits of animal husbandry. This disease can be comprehensively controlled by avoiding grazing in the early morning and evening, harmless treatment of cow and sheep manure, and maintaining hygiene of forage and drinking water.

Abstract:From April to June 2024,calves at a yak farming cooperative in Gande,Qinghai,showed clinical symptoms such as depression,weight loss,and diarrhea.To confirm the causes of the disease,10 samples,including anal swabs and feces from diarrhetic calves,were collected.PCR method was used to detect bovine coronavirus,bovine rotavirus,bovine viral diarrhoea virus,bovine adenovirus,bovine enterovirus,bovine torovirus,bovine norovirus,bovine nebovirus,Eimeria spp.,Cryptosporidium spp.,and Giardia.The results showed that bovine coronavirus was detected in all 10 diarrheic fecal samples,while no other pathogens were found.The results indicated that the diarrhoea in the calves at the cooperative was caused by bovine coronavirus infection.After diarrhoea occuring in calves,rehydration fluid can be injected intravenously,the use of traditional Chinese medicine to strengthen the heart,while the use of appropriate antibiotic for the prevention of bacterial pathogens secondary infections,nutritional management should be strengthened,immunity should be enhanced,environmental stress should be reduced,and attention should be paid to disinfestation of pens to reduce exposure to contaminated environments,which can be effective in the treatment and prevention of the purpose of the control.The present study provides a references for the prevention and control of diarrhoea in calves in this cooperative.

Abstract:From April to June 2024, the yak calves of a yak breeding cooperative in Gande, Qinghai, showed clinical symptoms such as depression, lethargy and diarrhea. To confirm the causes of the disease, 10 anal swabs and fecal samples of diarrhetic calves were collected, and PCR method was used to detect Bovine coronavirus, Bovine rotavirus, Bovine viral diarrhoea virus, Bovine adenovirus, Bovine enterovirus, Bovine torovirus, Bovine norovirus, Bovine nebovirus, EimeriaSspp., Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia. The results showed that, in all the 10 diarrhoea faecal samples, only Bovine coronavirus was detected as positive, and no other pathogens were detected. The results indicated that yak calves’ diarrhoea in this cooperative was caused by Bovine coronavirus infection. This study provided some reference for the prevention and control of yak calves diarrhoea in the cooperative.

Abstract:In order to strengthen the protection of livestock and poultry resources and the rapid development of Chakouyi horse industry, and provide technical guidance for the prevention and control of horse disease. As one of the important contents of the general survey of equine protozoonosis, the detection of equine toxoplasmosis was carried out in the whole county. Blood samples were collected from horse veins, and the serum was centrifuged. Indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT) was used to detect the Toxoplasma gondii infection antibody in horse serum qualitatively and quantitatively. Among 4700 blood samples, 240 horse blood samples were sampled from 12 towns. The results showed that 9 antibodies were positive, with a positive rate of 3.75%; The regional difference of infection rate was significant (p<0.05). 5 of them were positive in Qilian Town, with a positive rate of 25%. Among the 240 samples tested, the serum antibody titers of 0, 1:4, 1:16 And 1:64 were 88, 78, 65 and 9 samples respectively. The test results show that horse toxoplasmosis in Tianzhu County has been epidemic among equine animals in our county within the controllable and safe range for many years, which has not had a serious impact on the development of horse industry in Tianzhu? County, but this test is still an important supplement to the prevention and control of zoonotic infectious diseases in Tianzhu County. It is suggested that in the future monitoring work, in line with the principle of "Human disease prevention, animal prevention pass forward at first", increase the guarantee and investment of testing funds, strengthen the cooperation between the civil air defense and veterinary prevention departments, and comprehensively grasp the current situation of toxoplasmosis in human and livestock in our county. To provide scientific guidance for the prevention and control of the disease.

Abstract:In order to strengthen the protection of livestock and poultry resources and promote the rapid development of Chakouyi horse industry,and provide technical guidance for the prevention and control of horse disease.As one of the important contents of the general survey of equine protozoonosis,the detection of equine toxoplasmosis was carried out in the whole county.Blood samples were collected from horse veins,and the serum was centrifuged.Indirect hemagglutination test(IHAT) was used to detect the Toxoplasma gondii infection antibody in horse serum qualitatively and quantitatively.240 horse blood samples were sampled from 12 towns.The results showed that 9 samples were positive for antibodies,with a positive rate of 3.75%.Among these,20 samples were collected from Qilian town,5 of which were positive,resulting in a positivity rate of 25.0%.In the 240 samples tested,the serum antibody titers of 0,1∶4,1∶16 and 1∶64 were 88,78,65 and 9 samples respectively.The test results show that toxoplasmosis in horse in Tianzhu county has been epidemic among equine animals within the controllable and safe range over many years,which has not had a serious impact on the development of horse industry in Tianzhu county.However,this testing work remains an important supplement to the prevention and control of zoonotic infectious diseases in Tianzhu county.

Abstract:African swine fever is a serious infectious disease that spreads extremely fast and is difficult to control.Once it occurs,it will cause huge losses to pig production.This paper summarizes and discusses the discovery,laboratory diagnosis,treatment measures,social impact,and future prevention and control strategy,aims to take,improve disease prevention and control work,improve the animal epidemic prevention system construction,establish the epidemic monitoring system,strengthen quarantine supervision comprehensive law enforcement,in order to provide reference for disease prevention and control and agricultural supervision and law enforcement personnel to deal with similar incidents.In the future prevention and control work,we will continue to adhere to the principle of prevention first and scientific prevention and control,and strengthen monitoring and early warning,emergency response,strengthen training and peripheral cooperation.

Abstract:African swine fever is a serious infectious disease [1] that spreads extremely fast and is difficult to control. Once it occurs, it will cause huge losses to pig production. This paper through the development of imported African swine fever found, laboratory diagnosis, treatment measures, social impact, and future prevention and control strategy, aims to take, improve disease prevention and control work, improve the animal epidemic prevention system construction, establish the epidemic monitoring system, strengthen quarantine supervision comprehensive law enforcement, in order to provide reference for disease prevention and control and agricultural supervision and law enforcement personnel to deal with similar incidents. In the future prevention and control work, we will continue to adhere to the principle of prevention first and scientific prevention and control, and strengthen monitoring and early warning, emergency response, strengthen training and peripheral cooperation.

Abstract:The harmless treatment of sick and dead livestock and poultry is related to public health safety, environmental protection and food safety, and is of great significance to ensure the quality and safety of livestock and poultry products and the healthy development of animal husbandry. In recent years, Huize County insists on leading the high-quality development of animal husbandry with green development, constantly innovates working ideas, improves the harmless treatment system, and continuously improves the harmless treatment capacity. However, to varying degrees, there are problems such as non-standard disposal methods, imperfect processing systems, unreasonable compensation mechanisms, difficult supervision and law enforcement, and single forms of resource reuse. Based on the actual situation of Huize County, this paper analyzes the current situation and existing problems, and puts forward a feasible scheme to improve the collection, processing, utilization and supervision, etc., which can provide reference for other areas.

Abstract:The harmless treatment of dead and diseased livestock and poultry is crucial for public health safety,environmental protection and food safety.It plays a significant role in ensuring the quality and safety of livestock and poultry products and the healthy development of animal husbandry.In recent years,Huize county insists on leading the high-quality development of animal husbandry with green development,constantly innovates working ideas,improves the harmless treatment system,and continuously improves the harmless treatment capacity.However,to varying degrees,there are problems such as non-standard disposal methods,imperfect processing systems,unreasonable compensation mechanisms,difficult supervision and law enforcement,and single forms of resource reuse.Based on the actual situation of Huize county,this paper analyzes the current situation and existing problems,and puts forward a feasible scheme to improve the collection,processing,utilization and supervision.These solutions can serve as a reference for other regions.

Abstract:The incidence of lamb diarrhea is high in front-line clinical production,and the loss is also large.The causes of lamb diarrhea are various,such as feeding management,weather changes,nutrition,etc.Therefore,the comprehensive prevention and control of lamb diarrhea should also be started in many aspects,and the comprehensive prevention and control of “breeding,prevention,detection and treatment” should be achieved to reduce the occurrence of lamb diarrhea.

Abstract:The incidence of lamb diarrhea is high in front-line clinical production, and the loss is also large. The causes of lamb diarrhea are various, such as feeding management, weather changes, nutrition, etc. Therefore, the comprehensive prevention and control of lamb diarrhea should also be started in many aspects, and the comprehensive prevention and control of "breeding, prevention, detection and treatment" should be achieved to reduce the occurrence of lamb diarrhea.

Abstract:The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of three probiotic fermented herbal supplements on the production performance, serum biochemical indices and immune function of weaned lambs.A total of 100 small-tailed Han sheep with similar appearance and body weight (15.19±0.81 kg) were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups, with 4 replicates in each group and 5 sheep in each replicate.Group I, II, III and IV were supplemented with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% fermented traditional Chinese medicine preparations to the basic diet, while group V were added 1.0% pure compound herbal supplements to the basic diet, with a pre-trial period of 3 days and a main trial period of 40 days.The results showed that the average body weight of the test groups III, IV, and V was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference between group II and IV(P<0.05);? the ADG of the test groups II, III, IV, and V was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and there were significant differences between groups II, III, IV, and V and group II (P<0.05), and between groups IV and III, and V (P<0.05); the ADFI of the test groups III, IV, and V was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference between groups II and IV (P<0.05). The TP content of the test groups III, IV, and V was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05); the GLO content of the test groups III, IV, and V was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference between groups III and I, II (P<0.05); the ALP content of group III was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The IL-2 content of groups III and IV was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference between groups III, IV and II (P<0.05); the IgA content of the test groups II, III, IV, and V was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and there were significant differences between groups III, IV and II, V (P<0.05); the IgG content of group III was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference between groups II and III (P<0.05). In conclusion, the three probiotic fermented compound herbal preparations can significantly improve the productive performance and immune function of weaned lambs, and can also improve their blood biochemical indicators, with the optimal addition ratio is 1.0%.

Abstract:The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of three probiotic fermented traditional Chinese medicine preparations on the production performance,serum biochemical indices and immune function of weaned lambs.A total of 100 small-tailed Han sheep with similar appearance and body weight(15.19±0.81) kg were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups,with 4 replicates in each group and 5 sheep in each replicate.Group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were supplemented with 0%,0.5%,1.0% and 1.5% fermented traditional Chinese medicine preparations to the basic diet,while group Ⅴ were added 1.0% pure compound herbal supplements to the basic diet,with a pre-trial period of 3 days and a main trial period of 40 days.The results showed that the average body weight of the test groups Ⅲ,Ⅳ,and Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and there was a significant difference between group Ⅱ and Ⅳ(P<0.05);the ADG of the test groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,and Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and there were significant differences between groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,and Ⅴ and group Ⅱ(P<0.05),and between groups Ⅳ and Ⅲ,and Ⅴ(P<0.05);the ADFI of the test groups Ⅲ,Ⅳ,and Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and there was a significant difference between groups Ⅱ and Ⅳ(P<0.05).The TP content of the test groups Ⅲ,Ⅳ,and Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);the GLO content of the test groups Ⅲ,Ⅳ,and Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and there was a significant difference between groups Ⅲ and Ⅰ,Ⅱ(P<0.05);the ALP content of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The IL2 content of groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and there was a significant difference between groups Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅱ(P<0.05);the IgA content of the test groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,and Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and there were significant differences between groups Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅱ,Ⅴ(P<0.05);the IgG content of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and there was a significant difference between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P<0.05).In conclusion,the three probiotic fermented traditional Chinese medicine preparations can significantly improve the productive performance and immune function of weaned lambs,and can also improve their blood biochemical indicators,with the optimal addition ratio is 1.0%.

Abstract:This study aimed to isolate and screen Bacillus subtilis strains with exceptional probiotic properties,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the development and application of microbial ecological agents in dairy goat farming.The research team successfully isolated three Bacillus strains from fecal samples of healthy,high-yielding dairy goats in Shenmu city,Shaanxi province,identifying them as Bacillus subtilis through both morphological and molecular biological techniques.Subsequently,the in vitro safety,efficacy,and feasibility of these strains were analyzed,including hemolysis assays,antibiotic susceptibility tests,antibacterial activity assessments,and simulated gastrointestinal tolerance experiments.The results are summarized as follows:(1)The results indicated that none of the strains exhibited hemolytic activity while demonstrating favorable drug sensitivity profiles.(2)They effectively inhibited common mastitis pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus coagulans and Escherichia coli.(3)These strains displayed robust acid resistance along with significant tolerance to gastric protease and trypsin.In conclusion,the three isolated Bacillus subtilis strains (L1-1,L3-1,and L3-2) exhibit promising in vitro probiotic characteristics that position them as potential candidates for microbial probiotics in goat dairy farming;this offers new opportunities for enhancing both health outcomes and economic benefits within this sector.

Abstract:This study aimed to isolate and characterize Bacillus subtilis strains with exceptional probiotic properties, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the development and application of microbial ecological agents in goat dairy farming. The research team successfully isolated three Bacillus strains from fecal samples of healthy, high-yielding dairy goats in Shenmu City, Shaanxi Province, identifying them as Bacillus subtilis through both morphological and molecular biological techniques. Subsequently, the team evaluated the in vitro safety, efficacy, and feasibility of these strains using hemolysis assays, antibiotic susceptibility tests, antibacterial activity assessments, and simulated gastrointestinal tolerance experiments. (1) The results indicated that none of the strains exhibited hemolytic activity while demonstrating favorable drug sensitivity profiles. (2) they effectively inhibited common mastitis pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus coagulans, and Escherichia coli. (3) these strains displayed robust acid resistance along with significant tolerance to gastric protease and trypsin. In conclusion, the three isolated Bacillus subtilis strains—L1-1, L3-1, and L3-2—exhibit promising in vitro probiotic characteristics that position them as potential candidates for microbial probiotics in goat dairy farming; this offers new opportunities for enhancing both health outcomes and economic benefits within this sector.

Abstract:The growth performance and slaughter performance of Australian white, Suffolk, Dolper and lake sheep were measured by different crosscrosses.The results show that: (1)The birth weight of F1 generation in Australian white × lake sheep, Dolper× lake sheep, Suffolk × lake sheep, Australian white × Dolper × lake sheep and Suffolk × Dolper × lake sheep groups was significantly higher than that of lake sheep group (P?0.05), the weight of F1 generation at 1 month old and 3 month old was significantly higher than that of lake sheep group (P?0.01), and the F1 generation weight at 6 months old Australian white × lake sheep, Dolper× lake sheep,Australian white × Dolper × lake sheep,Suffolk × Dolper × lake sheep compared with Lake sheep groups shows significantly different (P?0.01). There was significant difference between Suffolk × lake sheep group and lake sheep group (P?0.05).(2)There were significant differences in premortem weight, carcass weight and net meat weight between Australian white × lake sheep, Dolper× lake sheep, Australian white × Dolper × lake sheep and Suffolk × Dolper × lake sheep combination and lake sheep and Suffolk × lake sheep group (P?0.01), while there were significant differences between Suffolk × lake sheep and lake sheep group and lake sheep group (P?0.05). There were significant differences in slaughter rate, net meat rate, meat to bone ratio and eye muscle area between the five hybrid combinations and lake sheep group (P?0.05), extremely significant differences in net meat rate and meat to bone ratio (P?0.01) and extremely significant differences in eye muscle area (P?0.01).(3)The marbling of Australian white × lake sheep,Australian white × Dolper × lake sheep ,Suffolk × Dolper × lake sheep and lake sheep groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). The water loss rate of Australian white × Dolper × lake sheep and Suffolk × Dolper × lake sheep was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P < 0.05), and the cooked meat rate was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P < 0.05), indicating that the three-part hybrid mutton had better water system and stronger preservation ability. The results of crossbreeding experiments with Australian white ram, Duper ram, Suffolk ram and lake sheep are obvious, and can be vigorously promoted in similar ecological conditions.

Abstract:To screen for the optimal meat sheep crossbreeding combinations suitable for the Wuwei,the binary and ternary crossbreeding experiments were carried out with Australian white sheep,Suffolk sheep and Dorper sheep as male parent and Hu sheep as female parent.The results show that:(1)The birth weight of F₁ generation from Australian white×Hu sheep,Dolper×Hu sheep,Suffolk×Hu sheep,Australian white×Dolper×Hu sheep and Suffolk×Dolper×Hu sheep group was significantly higher than that of Hu sheep group(P＜0.05),the body weight of F₁ generation at 1 month and 3 month of age were significantly higher than those of Hu sheep group (P＜0.01),and the body weight of F₃ generation at 6 months old from Australian white×Hu sheep,Dolper×Hu sheep,Australian white×Dolper×Hu sheep,Suffolk×Dolper×Hu sheep was significantly higher compared with Hu sheep group (P＜0.01).The Suffolk×Hu sheep group was significantly higher than Hu sheep group(P＜0.05).(2)The pre-slaughter weight,carcass weight and net meat weight of F₁ offspring from Australian white×Hu sheep,Dolper×Hu sheep,Australian white×Dolper×Hu sheep and Suffolk×Dolper×Hu sheep were significantly higher than those of the Hu sheep group(P＜0.01).The pre-slaughter weight,carcass weight,and net meat weight of Suffolk×Hu sheep were significantly higher than those of the Hu sheep group(P<0.05).The slaughter rate of all five crossbreeding combinations was significantly higher than that of the Hu sheep group(P<0.05),and the net meat ratio,meat-to-bone ratio,and eye muscle area were significantly higher(P<0.01).(3)The marbling of F₁ offspring from Australian white×Hu sheep,Australian white×Dolper×Hu sheep and Suffolk×Dolper×Hu sheep were significantly higher than those of the Hu sheep group(P<0.05).The drip loss of Australian white×Dolper×Hu sheep and Suffolk×Dolper×Hu sheep was significantly lower than that of the other groups(P<0.05),and the cooked meat yield was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.05).The results of crossbreeding experiments with Australian white ram,Duper ram,Suffolk ram and Hu sheep are obvious,and can be vigorously promoted in regions with similar ecological conditions.

Abstract:The low nutrient content of soil in desert ecosystems,combined with harsh climatic conditions,causes plants to develop unique physiological and ecological traits under environmental stress,forming the basis for the diversity and stability of desert ecosystems.However,the relationship between soil and plant biomass allocation in the Qaidam Basin and its role in maintaining desert grassland ecosystem stability remains unclear.This study analyzed the distribution characteristics of soil particle size and plant species diversity along the aridity gradient in 35 sampling sites with 175 quadrats and 86 dominant plant species in the Qaidam Basin,using methods such as plant species reordering,allometric growth relationships,variance decomposition,and structural equation modeling.It also investigated the relationship between soil nutrients and aboveground and belowground biomass of plants,and their effects on ecosystem stability.The results showed that:(1)Species richness across the 35 sites in the Qaidam Basin displays distinct environmental gradient characteristics.Perennial dominant species have significantly higher aboveground biomass compared to annual species(P<0.01),indicating that the allometric growth relationships between aboveground and belowground biomass of perennial shrubs and semishrubs are not significant(P=0.885),whereas annual dominant species allocate more biomass belowground than aboveground.(2)Stepwise regression identified seven climatic factors affecting the distribution of dominant species,and their influence on the aboveground biomass of perennial shrubs and semi-shrubs(variance decomposition R²=0.318 for aboveground biomass) was greater than their influence on belowground biomass(R²=0.01 for belowground biomass).Elevation had no significant direct effect on aboveground or belowground biomass,but the structural equation model demonstrated that elevation indirectly affects the biomass of dominant species.This indicates that altitudedriven changes in water and heat conditions,along with extreme climate events(such as isothermality,precipitation in the coldest season,and precipitation in the wettest month and season),have significant positive and negative impacts on biomass,while soil particle size has no significant effect.

Abstract:The low nutrient content of soil in desert ecosystems, combined with harsh climatic conditions, causes plants to develop unique physiological and ecological traits under environmental stress, forming the basis for the diversity and stability of desert ecosystems. However, the relationship between soil and plant biomass allocation in the Qaidam Basin and its role in maintaining desert grassland ecosystem stability remains unclear. This study analyzes the distribution patterns of soil particle size and plant species diversity along an aridity gradient in 35 sampling sites with 175 quadrats and 86 dominant plant species in the Qaidam Basin, using methods such as plant species reordering, allometric growth relationships, variance decomposition, and structural equation modeling. It also investigates the relationship between soil nutrients and aboveground and belowground biomass of plants, and their effects on ecosystem stability. Our results suggested: 1) Species richness across the 35 sites in the Qaidam Basin displays distinct environmental gradient characteristics. Perennial dominant species have significantly higher aboveground biomass compared to annual species (P < 0.01), indicating that the allometric growth relationships between aboveground and belowground biomass of perennial shrubs and semi-shrubs are not significant (P = 0.885), whereas annual dominant species allocate more biomass belowground than aboveground. 2) Stepwise regression identified seven climatic factors affecting the distribution of dominant species, and their influence on the aboveground biomass of perennial shrubs and semi-shrubs (variance decomposition R2 = 0.318 for aboveground biomass) was greater than their influence on belowground biomass (R2= 0.01 for belowground biomass). Elevation had no significant direct effect on aboveground or belowground biomass, but the structural equation model demonstrated that elevation indirectly affects the biomass of dominant species. This indicates that altitude-driven changes in water and heat conditions, along with extreme climate events (such as isothermality, precipitation in the coldest season, and precipitation in the wettest month and season), have significant positive and negative impacts on biomass, while soil particle size has no significant effect.

Abstract:The purpose of this experiment is to explore the application of yak dry grass period house feeding technology in Banma county.Through 6-month house feeding of 3-year-old male yaks and 3-year-old yaksthe average weight gain per yak was 74.83 kg and 106.31 kg,respectively.The weight gain effect of the yaks group in experiment Ⅱ was much greater than that of the male yaks group in experiment Ⅰ.Excluding feeding costs,the weight gain benefit of yaks was 195.13 yuan/head,and that of yaks was -528.91 yuan/head,with yaks earning 724.04 yuan/head more than yaks.The results showed that under the same feeding and management conditions during the cold season and dry season,the feed return of yaks was much higher than that of male yaks,and yaks were more conducive to staggered feeding,fattening,and slaughter.

Abstract:The purpose of this experiment is to explore the application of staggered feeding and fattening technology in Banma County during the dry season. By raising 3-year-old male yaks and yaks for 6 months, the average weight gain per yak was 74.83kg and 106.31kg, respectively. The weight gain effect of the yaks group in Experiment II was much greater than that of the male yaks group in Experiment I. Excluding feeding costs, the weight gain benefit of yaks was 195.13 yuan/head, and that of yaks was -528.91 yuan/head, with yaks earning 724.04 yuan/head more than yaks. The results showed that under the same feeding and management conditions during the cold season and dry season, the feed return of yaks was much higher than that of male yaks, and yaks were more conducive to staggered feeding, fattening, and slaughter.

Abstract:Zhangye city has a long history of horse breeding.Located in Shandan county,Zhongnongfa Shandan Horse Farm has a horse breeding history of more than two thousand years since the Han Dynasty.After the founding of New China,the Shandan Horse Farm provided a large number of warhorses for the army.In recent years,with the development of the economy and society,the rise of the pregnant horse serum industry has gradually formed a pregnant horse industry chain mainly consisting of Shandan county,Gaotai county,and Minle county for pregnant horse breeding,collection,and processing.Based on field investigations of the current development status of the pregnant horse serum industry in Zhangye city,this article analyzes the industry's prospects,advantages,and challenges such as the continuous rise in feed costs,a shortage of professional and technical personnel,narrow product sales channels,and problems with narrow product sales channels.It also proposes development suggestions including increasing policy support,strengthening scientific and technological research,enhancing product competitiveness,and promoting deep integration of the industrial chain.

Abstract:Zhangye City has a long history of horse breeding. Located in Shandan County, Zhongnongfa Shandan Horse Farm has a horse breeding history of more than two thousand years since the Han Dynasty. After the founding of New China, Shandan Horse Farm provided a large number of war horses for the army. In recent years, with the development of the economy and society, the rise of the pregnant horse serum industry has gradually formed a pregnant horse industry chain mainly consisting of Shandan County, Gaotai County, and Minle County for pregnant horse breeding, collection, and processing. Based on a field investigation of the current development status of the pregnant horse serum industry in Zhangye City, this article analyzes the industry"s prospects, advantages, and the continuous rise in feed costs, shortage of professional and technical personnel, narrow product sales channels, and problems with narrow product sales channels. And put forward development suggestions to increase policy support, strengthen scientific and technological research, enhance product competitiveness, and promote deep integration of the industrial chain.

Abstract:According to the current situation of dairy cow and beef cattle industry and the characteristics of Holstein male calves, the fattening experiment of male calves was carried out to realize the coordinated development of milk and meat. A total of 86 dairy male calves aged 12~13 months, 14~15 months, 16~17 months and 18~19 months were selected for fattening tests to determine feed intake, daily gain and slaughter performance. The results showed that after 45 days of fattening, the daily weight gain of 16~17 month old calves was up to 1.69kg/d, which was 36.3%, 22.46% and 19.86% higher than that of 12~13 month old, 14~15 month old and 18~19 month old calves, respectively. Within the range of normal dietary nutrition level, increasing dietary nutrition level and extending fusing time could moderately improve the slaughter rate and net meat rate, but the improvement range was not significant. The slaughter rate and net meat rate of experimental group with average body weight of 567.97kg were the highest, reaching 56.78% and 46.02%. According to the analysis of experimental data, the daily gain of dairy male calves after fattening at 18 months of age increased slowly, which decreased compared with 16~17 months of age. At the same time, the feeding cost continued to increase, and the daily profit margin narrowed. The results of this experiment showed that when the male calves were fattened to more than 500kg at 18 months of age, it was the most suitable for the breeding.

Abstract:According to the current situation of dairy cow and beef cattle industry and the characteristics of Holstein male calves,the fattening experiment of male calves was carried out to realize the coordinated development of milk and meat.A total of 86 dairy male calves aged 12-13 months,14-15 months,16-17 months and 18-19 months were selected for fattening tests to determine feed intake,daily gain and slaughter performance.The results showed that after 45 days of fattening,the daily weight gain of calves aged 16-17 month old was up to 1.69 kg/d,which was 36.3%,22.46% and 19.86% higher than that of calves aged 12-13 month old,14-15 month old and 18-19 month old,respectively.Within the range of normal dietary nutrition level,increasing dietary nutrition level and extending fusing time could moderately improve the slaughter rate and net meat rate,but the improvement range was not significant.The slaughter rate and net meat rate of experimental group with average body weight of 567.97 kg were the highest,reaching 56.78% and 46.02%.According to the analysis of experimental data,the daily gain of dairy male calves increased slowly after fattening at 18 months of age,which decreased compared with 16-17 months of age.At the same time,the feeding cost continued to increase,and the daily profit margin narrowed.The results of this experiment showed that when the male calves were fattened to more than 500 kg at 18 months of age,it was the most suitable for the breeding.

Abstract:In order to study the feeding effect of different breeding methods on Gannan yak calves,90 newborn calves with similar age and body condition were randomly selected,30 calves in each group,which were divided into experimental group 1(early weaning at 3 months of age+supplemental feeding+grazing),experimental group 2(full lactation+supplemental feeding+grazing at 6 months of age),and control group(traditional grazing) according to the different lactation methods.At 6 months of age,the weight of calves in group 2 was 52.47 kg,and the chest circumference was 99.7 cm,which was 8.44 and 13.43 kg higher and 9.11 and 25.56 cm taller than that of group 1 and the control group respectively.The average daily weight gain was 0.263 kg,which was 0.033 and 0.049 kg more than that of group 1 and the control group respectively.At 12 months of age,the weight reached 95.16 kg,the chest circumference reached 114.2 cm,the weight gained was 16.56 and 31.08 kg,the height was 8.89 and 17.45 cm,and the average daily weight gain was 0.371 kg,which was 0.032 and 0.135 kg more than that of the group 1 and the control group,respectively.The results showed that in the semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas of Gannan,yak calves bred with full lactation before the age of 6 months had good growth and development,and the effect of weight gain was good,leading to significant weight gains and contributing to the cultivation of high-quality yaks,thereby enhancing the production performance of yaks.

Abstract:Abstract:In order to study the feeding effect of different breeding methods on Gannan yak calves, 90 newborn calves with similar age and body condition were randomly selected, 30 calves in each group, which were divided into experimental group 1 (early weaning at 3 months of age + supplemental feeding + grazing), experimental group 2 (full lactation + supplemental feeding + grazing at 6 months of age), and control group (traditional grazing) according to the different lactation methods. At 6 months of age, the weight of group 2 was 52.47kg, and the chest circumference was 99.7cm, which was 8.44kg and 13.43kg higher and 9.11cm and 25.56cm taller than that of group 1 and the control group respectively, and the average daily weight gain was 0.263kg, which was 0.033kg and 0.049kg more than that of group 1 and the control group respectively; the weight of group 1 was 95.16kg and the chest circumference was 114.2cm, and the average daily weight gain was 0.263kg, which was 0.033kg and 0.049kg more than that of group 1 and the control group respectively. At 12 months of age, the weight reached 95.16kg, the chest circumference reached 114.2cm, the weight gained was 16.56kg and 31.08kg, the height was 8.89cm and 17.45cm, and the average daily weight gain was 0.371kg, which was 0.032kg and 0.135kg more than that of the test group 1 and the control group, respectively.The results showed that, in the semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas of Gannan, yak calves bred with full lactation before the age of 6 months had good growth and development, and the effect of weight gain was good, and the yak calves had good growth and development, and the yak calf had good growth and development. The results showed that, in Gannan semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, the growth and development of yak calves before 6 months of age was good, and the weight gain effect was obvious, which was favorable to breed high-quality reserve yaks, and thus enhance the productivity of yaks.

Abstract:Bovine viral diarrheal disease/mucosal disease (BVD-MD) has been widely prevalent at home and abroad in recent years and has caused serious harm to the cattle industry. It is difficult to make a differential diagnosis from other diarrheal diseases only by clinical symptoms and pathological changes. In order to diagnose and purify BVD-MD, it is very important to choose the best detection method. In practical applications, the choice of suitable testing methods should consider various testing purposes comprehensively. In this article, the basic information of BVDV, epidemic strains and detection methods of bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease in recent years were reviewed, in order to provide reference for the epidemiological investigation, pathogenic mechanism, detection and prevention of bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease.

Abstract:In recent years,Bovine viral diarrheal disease/mucosal disease(BVD-MD) has been widely prevalent both domestically and internationally,causing serious harm to the cattle industry.It is difficult to differentiate BVD-MD from other diarrheal diseases only by clinical symptoms and pathological changes.In order to diagnose and purify BVD-MD,it is very important to choose the best detection method.In practical applications,the choice of suitable testing methods should consider various testing purposes comprehensively.This article provides a comprehensive review of BVDV pathogens,prevalent strains,and recent advancements in detection methods to serve as a reference for epidemiological investigations,pathogenic mechanisms,detection,and prevention of bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease.

Abstract:With the development of molecular biotechnology,a new animal breeding methodmolecular breeding came into being in 2001.This technology makes up for the shortcomings of traditional breeding methods,and has the advantages of shortening generation interval and reducing breeding cost.As an important part of animal husbandry industry,sheep breeding faces urgent problem that urgent solution.Therefore,this paper reviewed the principles,algorithms and genotyping methods of genome selection,and summarized the application of genome selection technology in sheep breeding and the challenges faced during its application,aiming to provide theoretical reference for future research in sheep breeding.

Abstract:With the development of molecular biotechnology, a new animal breeding method - molecular breeding came into being in 2001. This technology makes up for the shortcomings of traditional breeding, and has the advantages of shortening generation interval and reducing breeding cost. As an important part of animal husbandry industry, sheep breeding is an urgent problem to be solved. Therefore, this paper reviewed the principles, algorithms and genotyping methods of genome selection, and summarized the application of genome selection technology in sheep breeding and the challenges faced by this technology in the application, in order to provide theoretical reference for future sheep breeding research.

Abstract:In the light of the reduction of veterinary antibiotics and the reports that veterinary drug residues were detected or exceeded in the sampling of animal products (eggs) in recent years,According to the actual situation of livestock and poultry farming in Jiayuguan City,To specifically monitor and analyze the major bacterial diseases of layers,The necessity and feasibility of carrying out local thematic research were put forward.

Abstract:In the light of the reduction of veterinary antibiotics and the reports that veterinary drug residues were detected or exceeded in the sampling of animal products(eggs) in recent years.According to the actual situation of livestock and poultry farming in Jiayuguan city.To specifically monitor and analyze the major bacterial diseases of layers.The necessity and feasibility of carrying out local thematic research were put forward.

Abstract:Veterinary drug is an important input in animal husbandry,and the management of veterinary drug is the guarantee of the quality and safety of veterinary drug.With the healthy development of breeding industry,the management and use of veterinary drugs tend to be standardized,but there are still many problems in the management and use of veterinary drugs,such as weak supervision,business order disorder,etc.To address these issues,effective solutions are proposed to further improve the veterinary drug operations and usage at the grassroots level in Dingxi.

Abstract:Veterinary drug is an important input in animal husbandry, and the management of veterinary drug is the guarantee of the quality and safety of veterinary drug. With the healthy development of breeding industry, the management and use of veterinary drugs tend to be standardized, but there are still many problems in the management and use of veterinary drugs, such as weak supervision, business order disorder, etc. , to promote the management and use of veterinary drugs at the grass-roots level in Dingxi.

Abstract:With the increasingly severe global food safety issues,especially the potential threat of antibiotic abuse to human health and the ecological environment,antibiotic-free laying hens have become an important issue in the development of modern animal husbandry.The article explores the development status,basic technologies,and successful cases of antibiotic free breeding of laying hens,in order to provide reference for achieving antibiotic-free breeding of laying hens.

Abstract:With the increasingly severe global food safety issues, especially the potential threat of antibiotic abuse to human health and the ecological environment, antibiotic free laying hens have become an important issue in the development of modern animal husbandry. The article explores the development status, basic technologies, and successful cases of antibiotic free breeding of laying hens, in order to provide reference for achieving antibiotic free breeding of laying hens.

Abstract:Fowlpox is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by the fowlpox virus. The disease manifests in several clinical forms, including skin, mucosal, and mixed types. The skin type is characterized by the appearance of acne-like lesions on the head, comb, wattles, and featherless areas, such as under the wings, which progress to scabs and eventually shed. The mucosal type is marked by necrotizing inflammation of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa, leading to the formation of pseudomembranes. Although the mortality rate of fowlpox is generally low, the disease can significantly affect infected chickens by slowing growth, reducing egg production, and lowering hatchability. Secondary infections with other pathogens and poor feeding conditions, including malnutrition, can exacerbate the disease, potentially leading to large-scale mortality. Immunization is the primary method for preventing and controlling Fowlpox, however, large-scale outbreaks have continued in recent years. Analysis of clinical cases indicates that poor feeding environments are a major contributing factor to these outbreaks. Therefore, to enhance disease prevention and control, it is essential to strengthen feeding management, conduct regular environmental disinfection, maintain proper ventilation, and strengthen the overall health and immunity of the chickens.

Abstract:Fowlpox is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by the fowlpox virus.The disease manifests in several clinical forms,including cutaneous,mucosal,and mixed types.The cutaneous type is characterized by the appearance of acne-like lesions on the head,comb,wattles,and featherless or less-feathered areas under the wings,which progress to scabs and eventually shed.The mucosal type is marked by necrotizing inflammation of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa,forming of pseudomembranes.Although the mortality rate of fowlpox is generally low,the disease can significantly affect infected chickens by slowing growth,reducing egg production,and lowering hatchability.Secondary infections with other pathogens and poor feeding conditions,including malnutrition,can exacerbate the disease,potentially leading to large-scale mortality.Immunization is the primary method for preventing and controlling fowlpox.However,large-scale outbreaks have continued in recent years.Analysis of clinical cases indicates that poor feeding environments are a major contributing factor to these outbreaks.Therefore,to enhance disease prevention and control,it is essential to strengthen feeding management,conduct regular environmental disinfection,maintain proper ventilation,and strengthen the overall health and immunity of the chickens.

Abstract:With the increasing number of households engaged in large-scale captive feeding of dairy goats,the occurrence of latent mastitis in the herds is constantly increasing,seriously endangering the health of the dairy goats,resulting in decreased in milk production and declined in the economic benefits of farmers.The author combines clinical breeding experience and grassroots practice,adopts traditional detection methods such as bacterial culture and CMT for diagnosis and testing,and proposes preventive and control measures:(1)Preventing and treating the incidence of latent mastitis through nipple medicated baths before and after milking.(2)For dairy goats with hidden mastitis,antibiotics should be used for timely treatment after milking.(3)By drinking and applying traditional Chinese medicine internally and externally,deworming during the dry milk period can improve the immune function of dairy goats.Thereby reducing the occurrence and harm of mastitis in dairy goats,increasing the economic benefits of breeding,and providing reference and guidance for the high-quality development of the dairy goat industry.

Abstract:With the increasing number of households engaged in large-scale captive feeding of dairy goats, the occurrence of latent mastitis in the herd is constantly increasing, seriously endangering the health of the dairy goats, resulting in a decrease in milk production and decline in the economic benefits of farmers.The author combines clinical breeding experience and grassroots practice, adopts traditional detection methods such as bacterial culture and CMT for diagnosis and testing, and proposes preventive and control measures:(1) Preventing and treating the incidence of latent mastitis through nipple medicated baths before and after milking. (2) For dairy goats with hidden mastitis, antibiotics should be used for timely treatment after milking. (3) By drinking and applying traditional Chinese medicine internally and externally, deworming during the dry milk period can improve the immune function of dairy goats.Thereby reducing the occurrence and harm of mastitis in dairy goats, increasing the economic benefits of breeding, and providing reference and guidance for the high-quality development of the dairy goat industry.

Abstract:In order to improve the competitiveness of animal husbandry-related products in the domestic and foreign markets.This study conducted a comprehensive investigation of the current status of livestock product brand development in Tianshui by visiting enterprises of livestock and poultry breeding and slaughtering, breeding cooperatives, and workers engaged in livestock product brand certification from Qinzhou District, Qingshui County, Zhangjiachuan County, and other counties and districts. Futhermore this study conducted an in-depth analysis of the problems faced by the development of the industry, and further combined with the goal of high-quality development of animal husbandry, proposed development ideas and countermeasures for the city"s livestock product brands, and put forward effective measures for the high-quality development of animal husbandry in Tianshui.

Abstract:In order to comprehensively improve the competitiveness of animal husbandry-related products from Tianshui city in both domestic and international markets.This study conducted a comprehensive investigation on the current status of livestock product brand development in Tianshui by visiting enterprises of livestock and poultry breeding and slaughtering,breeding cooperatives,and workers engaged in livestock product brand certification from Qinzhou district,Qingshui county,Zhangjiachuan county,and other counties and districts.Furthermore,this study conducted an in-depth analysis of the problems faced by the development of the industry,and further combined with the goal of high-quality development of animal husbandry,proposed development ideas and countermeasures for the city’s livestock product brands,and put forward effective measures for the high-quality development of animal husbandry in Tianshui city.

Abstract:Under the dual influence of natural and human factors,the area of desertified grassland in Maqu has reached 5.53×10⁴ hm².The hazards caused by grassland desertification gradually have emerged,including decreased vegetation coverage,decreased natural grassland and grass output,weakened water conservation capacity,reduced wetland area,decreased soil erosion intensified,sharp decline in biodiversity,disrupted ecological balance,and hindered economic development.Therefore,this paper proposes a “grass irrigation combination” model to treat desertified grasslands,involving measures such as rodent control,rodent extermination,land preparation,fertilization,re-planting,and enclosure to restore desertified grasslands.Set up a grass grid model to control mobile sand dunes,and restore them through measures such as sand dune sorting,planting suitable shrubs,mixing and planting grass seeds in shrub windbreak zones,grass grid planting,sealing and grazing prohibition.The successful experimental units of two management models provide a basis and reference for the ecological restoration of grasslands in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.

Abstract:Under the dual influence of natural and human factors, the area of desertificated grassland in Ma Qu has reached 5.53×104hm2. The hazards caused by grassland desertification gradually have emerged, vegetation coverage decreased, natural grassland and grass output decreased, water conservation capacity weakened, wetland area reduced, soil erosion intensified, biodiversity sharply decreased, ecological balance has disrupted, and economic development is hindered. Therefore, the author proposes a "grass irrigation combination" model to treat desertificated grasslands, involving measures such as rodent control, rodent extermination, land preparation, fertilization, re-planting, and enclosure to restore desertificated grasslands；Set up a grass grid model to control mobile sand dunes, and restore them through measures such as sand dune sorting, planting suitable shrubs, mixing and planting grass seeds in shrub windbreak zones, grass grid planting, sealing and grazing prohibition. The successful experimental units of two management models provide a basis and reference for the ecological restoration of grasslands in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.

Abstract:Under the background of the rapid development of information technology,it is a new trend of experimental teaching reform to develop towards information and intelligence.The animal medicine major of Guangxi University has constructed the smart teaching model of animal anatomy experiments by building smart laboratory and digital teaching resources,expanding knowledge points,and taking “superstar” as teaching platform.The smart teaching model solves the teaching problems such as poor experimental teaching environment,single teaching model,one-sided evaluation,insufficient teaching resources,and difficult to carry out some experiments in the past.It systematically promotes the construction of experimental teaching information,improving the teaching quality and contributing to the cultivation of students’ ability.

Abstract:Under the background of the rapid development of information technology, it is a new trend of experimental teaching reform to develop towards information and intelligence.The animal medicine major of Guangxi University has constructed the smart teaching model of animal anatomy experimentsby building smart laboratory and digital teaching resources, expanding knowledge points, and taking “superstar” as teaching platform. The smart teaching model solves the teaching problems such as poor experimental teaching environment, single teaching model, one-sided evaluation, insufficient teaching resources, and difficult to carry out some experiments in the past. It systematically promotes the construction of experimental teaching information, improves the teaching quality and contribute to the cultivation of students"" ability.

Abstract:The integration of science and education is a new direction and new driving force for the development of vocational education in the new era.Promoting the integration of science and education will help optimize the personnel training model,strengthen the cooperation between industry,university and research,train innovative technical talents,and realize the coordination of education and science and technology.Taking the teaching of Modern Sheep Raising Technology as an example,this paper discusses how to reform and practice the curriculum teaching system,teaching methods,curriculum practice links and science and technology innovation platform in the course of ideological and political implementation,cultivate animal husbandry and veterinary professionals with comprehensive qualities such as digital ability,innovative spirit and practical ability,and promote the continuous development of modern animal husbandry.

Abstract:The integration of science and education is a new direction and new driving force for the development of vocational education in the new era. Promoting the integration of science and education will help optimize the personnel training model, strengthen the cooperation between industry, university and research, train innovative technical talents, and realize the coordination of education and science and technology. Taking the teaching of modern sheep raising technology as an example, this paper discusses how to reform and practice the curriculum teaching system, teaching methods, curriculum practice links and science and technology innovation platform in the course of ideological and political implementation, cultivate animal husbandry and veterinary professionals with comprehensive qualities such as digital ability, innovative spirit and practical ability, and promote the continuous development of modern animal husbandry.

Abstract:Abstract: Under the background of "curriculum ideological and political", promoting the realization of the goal of talent training by the ideological and political education is the key content of the current college education. As the core force of college education, college counselors and specialized teachers shoulder the important mission of transmitting the socialist core values. In the new ideological education environment, accelerate the construction of collaborative education mechanism, make college counselors and professional teachers together promote ideological and political education work, is not only a necessary way to realize "three complete education", also can further promote the ideological and political work team construction, improve the accuracy of ideological education, the realization of university talent training goal has an important role in promoting. Based on this, this article summarizes the basic connotation of collaborative education, expounds the college counselors and professional teachers collaborative education work important role, explore counselors and professional course teachers collaborative education mode construction principle, analysis of college counselors and specialized teachers in collaborative education work, explore "course education" background of college counselors and professional teachers collaborative education work path, aims to improve ideological education effect to provide some useful reference.

Abstract:Under the background of “Curriculum Ideological and Political”,promoting the realization of the goal of talent training by the ideological and political education is the key content of the current college education.As the core force of college education,college counselors and specialized teachers shoulder the important mission of transmitting the socialist core values.In the new ideological education environment,accelerating the construction of collaborative education mechanism to enable college counselors and subject teachers to jointly advance ideological and political education is not only a necessary path to achieve “holistic education”(which refers to educating the whole person,for the whole society,and throughout the entire process),but it can also further promote the development of ideological and political work teams,enhance the precision of ideological and political education,and play a significant role in promoting the realization of higher education institutions’ talent cultivation goals.Based on this,this article summarizes the basic connotation of collaborative education,expounds the college counselors and professional teachers collaborative education work important role,explores counselors and professional course teachers collaborative education mode construction principle,analyzes of college counselors and specialized teachers in collaborative education work,explores “course education” background of college counselors and professional teachers collaborative education work path,aims to improve ideological education effect to provide some useful reference.