不同杂交组合对哈萨克羊后代屠宰性能影响的研究

Study on the Effect of Different Crossbreeding Combinations on Slaughter Performance of Kazakh Sheep Progeny

摘要:

为研究和比较哈萨克羊与特克赛尔羊不同杂交后代屠宰性能差异,本研究选取新疆昭苏马场的哈萨克羊,特×哈F₁,特×哈级进F₂,特×哈回交F₂公母各10只,屠宰后测定其屠宰性能。结果表明,宰前活重特×哈F₁＞特×哈级进F₂＞特×哈回交F₂＞哈萨克羊,其中公母两组特×哈F₁均显著高于哈萨克羊。特×哈F₁公羊眼肌面积分别比特×哈级进F₂和哈萨克羊高47.56%和17.19%。尾脂重各杂交组合之间均呈显著性差异,公母两组特×哈级进F₂尾脂重为0。不同哈萨克羊杂交组合后代母羊眼肌宽、背部脂肪厚度、尾脂重、眼肌面积呈显著性差异。母羊眼肌面积特×哈级进F₂显著大于哈萨克羊,比后者大了22.98%,特×哈回交F₂背部脂肪比特×哈级进F₂高71.61%。综上所述,通过特克赛尔羊与哈萨克羊杂交,可以显著改良后代的肌肉发育,并减少脂肪沉积。然而,在回交过程中,由于肌肉发育、脂肪沉积等特性减弱,建议在育种过程中适当提高特克赛尔羊的外血比例,以实现更优的改良效果。

Abstract:

To investigate the differences in slaughter performance among different crossbred progenies of Kazakh sheep and Texel sheep,this study selected Kazakh sheep from the Zhaosu Horse Farm in Xinjiang,including Texel×Kazakh F₁,Texel×Kazakh progressive backcross F₂,and Texel×Kazakh backcross F₂,with 10 males and 10 females in each group.After slaughter,their slaughter performance was measured.The results showed that in terms of pre-slaughter live weight,Texel×Kazakh F₁>Texel×Kazakh progressive backcross F₂>Texel×Kazakh backcross F₂>Kazakh sheep,with both male and female Texel×Kazakh F₁ being significantly higher than Kazakh sheep.The loin eye area of Texel×Kazakh F₁ rams was higher by 47.56% and 17.19% compared to Texel×Kazakh progressive backcross F₂ and Kazakh sheep,respectively.Significant differences were observed in tail fat weight among all crossbreeding combinations,with both male and female Texel×Kazakh progressive backcross F₂ having zero tail fat weight.There were significant differences among different crossbred Kazakh sheep combinations in terms of ewe loin eye width,backfat thickness,tail fat weight,and loin eye area.The loin eye area of Texel×Kazakh progressive backcross F₂ ewes was significantly larger than that of Kazakh sheep,exceeding the latter by 22.98%,while the backfat thickness of Texel×Kazakh backcross F₂ was 71.61% higher than that of Texel×Kazakh progressive backcross F₂.In summary,crossbreeding Texel sheep with Kazakh sheep can significantly improve muscle development and reduce fat deposition in the progeny.However,due to the weakening of traits such as muscle development and fat deposition during backcrossing,it is recommended to appropriately increase the proportion of Texel bloodline in the breeding process to achieve better improvement results.