荷斯坦奶公犊育肥试验研究

Experimental Study on Fattening of Holstein Male Calves

摘要:

针对奶牛、肉牛产业现状及荷斯坦奶公犊特点,开展奶公犊育肥试验,实现奶肉协同发展。分别挑选12~13月龄、14~15月龄、16~17月龄、18~19月龄86头奶公犊分组对其进行育肥试验,测定采食量、日增重和屠宰性能。结果表明:经过45 d育肥,在日粮营养水平按照体重不断增加而相应提高的情况下,16~17月龄牛犊日增重最高达到1.69 kg/d,较12~13月龄、14~15月龄、18~19月龄牛分别提高36.3%、22.46%和19.86%;在正常日粮营养水平范围内,提高日粮营养水平、延长育肥时间可以适度提高屠宰率和净肉率,但提高幅度差异不显著,平均体重567.97 kg试验组的屠宰率和净肉率最高,达到56.78%和46.02%。通过试验数据分析,奶公犊育肥18月龄以后,日增重上升缓慢,较16~17月龄有所下降,同时饲养成本不断提高,日均利润空间缩小。本试验表明,奶公犊育肥至18月龄体重达到500 kg以上,出栏最为适宜。

Abstract:

According to the current situation of dairy cow and beef cattle industry and the characteristics of Holstein male calves,the fattening experiment of male calves was carried out to realize the coordinated development of milk and meat.A total of 86 dairy male calves aged 12-13 months,14-15 months,16-17 months and 18-19 months were selected for fattening tests to determine feed intake,daily gain and slaughter performance.The results showed that after 45 days of fattening,the daily weight gain of calves aged 16-17 month old was up to 1.69 kg/d,which was 36.3%,22.46% and 19.86% higher than that of calves aged 12-13 month old,14-15 month old and 18-19 month old,respectively.Within the range of normal dietary nutrition level,increasing dietary nutrition level and extending fusing time could moderately improve the slaughter rate and net meat rate,but the improvement range was not significant.The slaughter rate and net meat rate of experimental group with average body weight of 567.97 kg were the highest,reaching 56.78% and 46.02%.According to the analysis of experimental data,the daily gain of dairy male calves increased slowly after fattening at 18 months of age,which decreased compared with 16-17 months of age.At the same time,the feeding cost continued to increase,and the daily profit margin narrowed.The results of this experiment showed that when the male calves were fattened to more than 500 kg at 18 months of age,it was the most suitable for the breeding.