不同年龄阶段藏西北紫绒山羊屠宰性能与羊肉营养成分检测分析

Slaughter Performance and Nutritional Composition Analysis of Tibetan Purple Cashmere Goats at Different Age Stages in Northwest Tibet

摘要:

为研究放牧条件下藏西北紫绒山羊的肉用性能,该研究选取西藏阿里地区14只不同年龄阶段(小于等于3岁的6只和大于3岁的8只)的藏西北紫绒山羊母羊,测定其屠宰性能和羊肉基本营养成分指标。结果表明:(1)藏西北紫绒山羊净肉率和肉骨比在两个年龄组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)羊肉中水分、pH、蛋白质、脂肪含量分别为71.96%、5.9、19.56%和4.96%,均符合国家标准;胆固醇含量平均为44.92 mg/100 g,属于低胆固醇食物;挥发性盐基氮为10.39 mg/100 g,低于国家标准(≤15 mg/100 g),符合安全标准;各指标在两个年龄组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。(3)氨基酸含量丰富,限制性氨基酸赖氨酸的含量平均为1.79%,必需氨基酸为7.61%。(4)饱和脂肪酸在两个年龄组间差异不显著(P>0.05),不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸平均含量分别为45.32%和4.34%,其中多不饱和脂肪酸亚油酸含量在小于等于3岁年龄组中的含量显著高于在大于3岁的年龄组含量(P=0.006)。(5)矿物质元素种类丰富,微量元素中锌、硒含量最高达到29.61 mg/kg和0.05 mg/kg,属较高水平;重金属元素含量均低于国家标准;维生素E和维生素B₁含量高,且维生素B₁在小于等于3岁年龄组中的含量显著高于在大于3岁的年龄组含量(P=0.035)。上述结果表明,藏西北紫绒山羊肉质中氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、微量元素及维生素等含量高,同时有害金属元素等含量低,肉用性状优良,符合国家绿色食品标准,是优质的羊肉产品。

Abstract:

To investigate the meat performance of Tibetan purple cashmere goats under grazing conditions,this study selected 14 Tibetan purple velvet goat ewes at different age stages (6 individuals aged≤3 years and 8 individuals aged>3 years) from the Ali area of Tibet.The slaughter performance and basic nutritional composition indicators of goat meat were carefully measured.The results showed that:(1)There was no significant difference in dressing percentage and meat to bone ratio between the two age groups (P>0.05).(2)The moisture,pH,protein,and fat content in goat meat were 71.96%,5.9,19.56%,and 4.96% respectively,all meeting national standards.The cholesterol content averaged 44.92 mg/100 g,indicating low cholesterol food.The volatile basic nitrogen was 10.39 mg/100 g,lower than the national standard (≤15 mg/100 g),meeting safety standards.There was no significant difference in each indicator between the two age groups (P>0.05).(3)The amino acid content was rich,with an average content of 1.79% for limiting amino acid lysine and 7.61% for essential amino acids.(4)There was no significant difference in saturated fatty acids between the two age groups (P>0.05).Unsaturated fatty acids were abundant,with average contents of 45.32% for monounsaturated fatty acids and 4.34% for polyunsaturated fatty acids.The content of polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid was significantly higher in the age group≤3 years compared to the age group>3 years (P=0.006).(5)The variety of mineral elements was rich,with the highest content of zinc and selenium reaching 29.61 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg respectively,indicating a high level.Heavy metal elements were all below national standards.The content of vitamin E and vitamin B₁ was high,and the content of vitamin B₁ in the age group≤3 years was significantly higher than that in the age group>3 years (P=0.035).The above results indicate that Tibetan purple cashmere goat meat is rich in amino acids,unsaturated fatty acids,trace elements,and vitamins,with low levels of harmful metal elements.Its meat quality is excellent,meeting national green food standards,and it is a high-quality lamb product.