2022-2024年贵州省德江县家畜布鲁氏菌病血清学监测与风险分析

Serological surveillance and risk analysis of brucellosis in livestock in Dejiang County, Guizhou Province from 2022 to 2024

摘要:

为掌握德江县家畜布鲁氏菌病防控净化效果,2022-2024年在全县开展了家畜布鲁氏菌病监测工作。共检测198个猪牛羊养殖场户,采集猪血清样本3423份、羊血清样本5972份、牛血清样本12071份和奶牛血清样本1609份,应用虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)进行初筛,竞争酶联免疫吸附试验(cELISA)进行复核。结果显示,按畜群分布2022-2024年共检出阳性牛群1个,阳性样品6份,猪、羊及奶牛都为阴性；按时间分布2022年家畜累计检测5070份,布病阳性数为0,2023年累计检测8891份,布病阳性数为0,2024年累计检测9114,布病阳性数为6份,阳性率为0.065%,且检测布病阳性群体为牛,而猪、山羊、奶牛群体中未发现布病阳性。结果表明:德江县家畜间布鲁氏菌病流行得到了有效控制,达到稳定控制标准,有效阻止了家畜间布鲁氏菌病疫情发生风险,但该病传播风险依然存在,还需继续加大监测和防控力度,加快推进布鲁氏菌病净化。本研究为今后布鲁氏菌病防控提供了数据支撑。

Abstract:

In order to grasp the purification effect of brucellosis prevention and control in livestock in Dejiang County, surveillance work on brucellosis in livestock was carried out throughout the county from 2022 to 2024. A total of 198 pig, cow, and sheep farming households were tested, and 3423 pig serum samples, 5972 sheep serum samples, 12071 cow serum samples, and 1609 cow serum samples were collected. The tiger red plate agglutination test (RBPT) was used for initial screening, and the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was used for rechecking. The results showed that from 2022 to 2024, a total of 1 positive cattle herd and 6 positive samples were detected according to the distribution of animal herds. Pigs, sheep, and cows were all negative; By time distribution, a total of 5070 livestock were tested in 2022, with 8891 positive cases detected in 2023 and 9114 positive cases detected in 2024. The positive rate was 0.065%, and the positive population for brucellosis was cattle, while no brucellosis was found in the pig, goat, and cow populations. The results indicate that the outbreak of brucellosis among livestock in Dejiang County has been effectively controlled, reaching stable control standards and effectively preventing the risk of brucellosis among livestock. However, the risk of disease transmission still exists, and further monitoring and prevention efforts are needed to accelerate the purification of brucellosis. This study provides data support for the prevention and control of brucellosis in the future.