TMR日粮营养调控技术对杂交母羊繁殖性能的影响

The Impact of TMR Dietary Nutritional Regulation Technology on the Reproductive Performance of Hybrid Ewes

摘要:

肉用绵羊繁殖率低、养殖效益不佳已成为制约肉羊产业发展的关键瓶颈。母羊生产性能受品种遗传、管理水平及饲料营养等多因素影响，其中精准营养调控对繁殖效率提升尤为重要。本研究基于TMR技术优势，在甘肃临夏两家规模化羊场开展杂交母羊分阶段精准饲喂及羔羊早期补饲试验。结果表明：繁殖性能方面，试验组较对照组发情率提10.98-19.51%（试验Ⅱ组98%，p<0.01），受胎率提高11.43-15.71%（试验Ⅱ组92.86%，p<0.01），产羔率增幅达33.63-62.18%（试验Ⅱ组217%），其中试验Ⅱ组综合繁殖指标最优；羔羊生长性能显示，持续补饲50天后（10-60日龄），试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组日增重达0.25-0.26kg/d，较对照（0.175kg/d）提升43%-49%，60日龄体重（18.13kg、18.05kg）显著高于对照13.99kg（p<0.05）。试验证实，通过TMR技术精准调控母羊各繁殖阶段（空怀期、配种期、妊娠期）营养供给，结合羔羊早期补饲策略（10日龄起始），可显著改善母羊繁殖效率（平均产羔率提升45.11%）并促进羔羊生长性能。但试验Ⅱ组后期增重相对滞后提示，需进一步优化补饲配方中能量物质配比及个体适应性调控。本研究为肉羊集约化养殖提供了可复制的营养管理方案，对提升养殖经济效益具有重要实践价值。

Abstract:

The low reproductive rates and suboptimal breeding efficiency of meat-type sheep have become critical bottlenecks constraining the development of the mutton sheep industry. Ewe productivity is influenced by multiple factors, including genetic traits, management practices, and feed nutrition, among which precise nutritional regulation is particularly vital for enhancing reproductive efficiency. Leveraging the advantages of TMR (Total Mixed Ration) technology, this study conducted trials on phased precision feeding for crossbred ewes and early supplementary feeding for lambs at two large-scale sheep farms in Linxia County, Gansu Province. The results demonstrated that:Reproductive performance: Compared to the control group, the experimental groups showed increases in estrus rate by 10.98-19.51% (Group II: 98%,?p<0.01), conception rate by 11.43-15.71% (Group II: 92.86%,?p<0.01), and lambing rate by 33.63-62.18% (Group II: 217%), with Group II exhibiting optimal comprehensive reproductive indicators.Lamb growth performance: After 50 days of continuous supplementary feeding (10-60 days of age), the daily weight gain of Groups I and III reached 0.25-0.26 kg/d, representing a 43%-49% improvement over the control group (0.175 kg/d), and their 60-day weights (18.13 kg, 18.05 kg) were significantly higher than the control group (13.99 kg,?p<0.05).The trials confirmed that precise nutritional regulation using TMR technology across key reproductive stages (non-pregnancy, breeding, and gestation periods), combined with early supplementary feeding strategies for lambs (initiated at 10 days of age), significantly improved ewe reproductive efficiency (average lambing rate increased by 45.11%) and enhanced lamb growth performance. However, the relatively slower weight gain in Group II during later stages suggests the need to optimize energy substance ratios in supplementary feeding formulas and individual adaptability regulation. This study provides a replicable nutritional management protocol for intensive mutton sheep farming, offering significant practical value for improving breeding economic efficiency.