活体采卵和体外胚胎生产在肉牛核心群扩繁中的应用研究

Application of live egg collection and in vitro embryo production in the expansion of beef cattle core population

摘要:

活体采卵(OPU)结合体外胚胎生产(IVP)技术能显著提高牛的繁殖效率,对肉牛的核心群扩繁具有重要意义。近年来,OPU/IVP技术在世界范围内迅速推广,逐步取代体内胚胎生产技术。肉牛体外胚胎生产不仅可以生产大量优质胚胎,还能显著提高优秀遗传资源的传播效率[1]。方法:本试验侧重于 OPU-IVF 技术在肉牛核心群扩繁中的应用与分析,通过筛选不同年龄段核心群优秀供体牛12头,在不同季节对其进行超声引导下卵泡穿刺术(OPU)提取卵母细胞3次,及时对其进行体外受精(IVF)、体外培养、冷冻保存及移植程序,跟踪监测分析各阶段实施情况,并在统计显著性水平 p<0.05的基础上,统计分析应用效果。结果:经优化后的 OPU-IVF流程头均可采卵17.6枚,体外受精后培养卵裂率达到69.6%,囊胚率可达到28.6%,头均获OPU-IVF胚胎3.5枚；胚胎冷冻解冻后移植受孕率提升至46%。结论:此研究对提高肉牛体外胚胎移植效率和质量提供了坚实的操作依据,可有效提高优秀核心群母牛繁殖效率,迅速解决优秀核心育种群数量少,优质种源供给不足等问题。

Abstract:

The combination of live egg harvesting (OPU) and in vitro embryo production (IVP) technology can significantly improve the reproductive efficiency of cattle, which is of great significance for the expansion of the core population of beef cattle. In recent years, OPU/IVP technology has been rapidly promoted worldwide, gradually replacing in vivo embryo production technology. In vitro embryo production of beef cattle can not only produce a large number of high-quality embryos, but also significantly improve the dissemination efficiency of excellent genetic resources. Method: This experiment focuses on the application and analysis of OPU-IVF technology in the expansion of beef cattle core population. By screening 12 excellent donor cows of different age groups in the core population, ultrasound-guided follicular puncture (OPU) was performed three times in different seasons to extract oocytes. In vitro fertilization (IVF), in vitro culture, cryopreservation, and transplantation procedures were performed in a timely manner. The implementation of each stage was monitored and analyzed, and the application effect was statistically analyzed based on the statistical significance level of p<0.05. Result: The optimized OPU-IVF process can collect 17.6 eggs per head, achieve a cleavage rate of 69.6% and a blastocyst rate of 28.6% after in vitro fertilization, and obtain 3.5 OPU-IVF embryos per head; After embryo freezing and thawing, the pregnancy rate of transfer increased to 46%, which can effectively improve the reproductive efficiency of excellent core breeding cows and quickly solve problems such as a small number of excellent core breeding populations and insufficient supply of high-quality seed sources.