美新杂交褐牛活体背膘厚度和肌间脂肪等肉质性状的B超测定

Study on Meat Quality Traits Such as Backfat and Measuring Intramuscular Fat of Meixin Hybrid Brown Cattle by B-mode Ultrasound Machine

摘要:

新疆褐牛是我国自主培育的第一个乳肉兼用牛品种,通过导入美国瑞士褐牛血液来选育提高新疆褐牛。为探讨超声波扫描仪在新疆褐牛选育提高中的应用价值和操作注意事项,本试验运用B超仪对美新杂交褐牛母牛18、24、36月龄和公牛18月龄背膘厚度、眼肌面积、肌间脂肪和腰肌高度等肉质性状进行测定,以期为新疆褐牛选育提高和超声波活体测定技术提供数据依据。结果表明:用B超仪可清晰准确的测定相关肉质性状,36月龄成年美新杂交褐牛眼肌面积显著高于18月龄和24月龄(P<0.05),36月龄肌间脂肪显著高于18月龄(P<0.05)；18月龄美新杂交公牛背膘厚度显著高于母牛(P<0.05),腰肌高度、眼肌面积极显著高于母牛(P<0.01),肌内脂肪含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明超声波活体测定方法能很好的反应肉牛肉质性状指标,随着月龄增加美新杂交褐牛肉质相关指标呈现上升趋势,成年后脂肪沉积更快；青年美新杂交公牛在发育性能上要远高于母牛,具有很好的选中选配种用价值。

Abstract:

Xinjiang brown cattle is the first domestically cultivated dairy and meat dual-purpose cattle breed in China, which is bred and improved by introducing the blood of American and Swiss brown cattle. In order to explore the application value and operational precautions of ultrasonic scanners in the breeding and improvement of Xinjiang brown cattle, this experiment used B-ultrasound to measure meat quality traits such as backfat thickness, eye muscle area, intermuscular fat, and waist muscle height in 18 month old American New hybrid brown cattle cows and 18 month old bulls, in order to provide data basis for the breeding and improvement of Xinjiang brown cattle and ultrasonic live measurement technology. The results showed that B-ultrasound could clearly and accurately measure the relevant meat quality traits. The eye muscle area of 36 month old adult Meixin hybrid brown cattle was significantly higher than that of 18 month old and 24 month old (P<0.05), and the intermuscular fat of 36 month old cattle was significantly higher than that of 18 month old cattle (P<0.05); The backfat thickness of 18 month old Meixin hybrid bulls was significantly higher than that of cows (P<0.05), and the waist muscle height and eye muscle area were significantly higher than those of cows (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in intramuscular fat content (P>0.05). The ultrasound in vivo measurement method can effectively reflect the meat quality indicators of beef cattle. As the age increases, the meat quality related indicators of Meixin hybrid brown cattle show an upward trend, and fat deposition accelerates in adulthood; Young Meixin hybrid bulls have much higher developmental performance than cows and have good selection and breeding value.