娟姗公牛引入牧区生理机能变化与种用效果分析

Analysis of Physiological Function Changes and Breeding Effects of Jersey Bulls Introduced into Pastoral Areas

摘要:

为全面掌握娟姗种公牛在高寒牧区的适应性和生理机能变化情况，将6月龄娟姗种公牛引入牧区后观测生理机能变化情况，待体成熟后与牦牛开展自然交配。对牦牛自然交配和人工授精方式下的繁殖性能进行对比分析，结果表明：自然交配方式下母牦牛受胎率、产犊成活率、繁殖率比采用人工授精技术的母牦牛相应指标分别高19.26%、25.71%和23.12%，流产率和初生犊牛死亡率则比采用人工授精技术的母牦牛分别低8.54和5.64个百分点。同时对两种杂交技术下牦牛所产的后代娟犏雌牛进行犊牛生产性能对比分析，结果表明：自然交配母牦牛所产的后代娟犏雌牛犊比人工授精的母牦牛所产娟犏雌牛犊的初生重、12月龄体重、初胎初乳量、初胎年均泌乳量分别高4.92 kg、21.86 kg、0.36 kg、197.89 kg，两组数据经差异显著性检验，自然交配组的娟犏雌牛犊初生重、12月龄体重、初胎年均泌乳量均极显著的高于人工授精组的相应指标（P＜0.01)，初胎初乳量差异显著（P＜0.05)。

Abstract:

In this paper, in order to fully understand the adaptability and physiological function changes of Jersey bulls in alpine pastoral areas, we introduced 6monthold Jersey bulls into pasture areas to observe the changes in physiological functions, and then mated with yaks naturally after they matured. This study compared the reproductive performance of yaks under natural mating and artificial insemination. The results showed that the conception rate, calving survival rate, and reproductive rate of female yaks under natural mating methods were 19.26%, 25.71%, and 23.12% higher than those of female yaks using artificial insemination technology, and the abortion rate and newborn calf mortality rate were higher than those of female yaks using artificial insemination technology. Female yaks with artificial insemination techniques were 8.54 and 5.64 percentage points lower, respectively. At the same time, this paper conducts a comparative analysis of calf production performance on the offspring Jersey females produced by yaks under the two hybridization techniques. The results showed that the natural mating female yaks produced offspring Jersey female calves had higher birth weight, 12monthold body weight, firstborn colostrum volume, and firstborn average annual lactation volume than those of artificially inseminated female yak calves. 4.92 kg, 21.86 kg, 0.36 kg, 197.89 kg. The data of the two groups were tested for significant difference. The birth weight, 12monthold body weight, and annual average lactation volume of the firstborn calves in the natural mating group were significantly higher than those in the artificial insemination group (P< 0.01), while the difference in the amount of firstborn colostrum was significant (P< 0.05).