青海三江源头目前高原鼢鼠怀孕期解剖调查

Anatomical Survey of Myospalax BaiLeyi during Pregnancy at the Source of Sanjiang River in Qinghai

摘要:

为准确掌握三江源高原鼢鼠密度、雌雄比例、体重、体长、毛色及繁殖性能等特征，我们从2020~2021年对三江源地区，重点进行了野外实地监测和破洞捕捉、解剖观察，结果表明：高原鼢鼠一年四季均有活动，表现为交配、哺乳、分居贮粮、巢内越冬等不同活动时期，活动高峰有两次：春季4~6月为繁殖期，秋季8~10月为贮粮期，11~3月其只限于巢内生活。雄鼠数量占雌鼠40.6%，雄鼠平均体重1 715.42 g，体长313.7 mm；雌鼠平均体重2 205.75 g，体长为206.3 mm，雄鼠占雌鼠体重的77.77%。雌鼠平均产仔4只，高达7只，每只鼢鼠1年平均挖土1 t左右，推出地面的土丘数252.1个·hm^-2，仅向地面推出土壤干重就达1 043.8 kg，覆盖草地面积达22.5 hm²，每只鼢鼠日食量为90~120 g，一年7个月每只鼢鼠可食鲜草21 kg，繁殖率高，破坏力强。

Abstract:

This study aims to accurately grasp the characteristics of Sanjiangyuan Myospalax baiLeyi density, male and female ratio, body weight, body length, coat color and reproductive performance. From 2020 to 2021, we focused on field monitoring, hole capture, and anatomical observation in the Sanjiangyuan area. The results show that Myospalax baiLeyis are active all year round. The activities are manifested in different activity periods such as mating, breastfeeding, living apart to store grain, and overwintering in the nest. There are two activity peaks: April to June in spring is the breeding season, August to October in autumn is the grain storage period, and it is limited to living in the nest from November to March. The number of male mice accounted for 40.6% of the female mice. The average weight of male mice was 1715.42 g, and the body length was 313.7 mm; the average weight of female mice was 2 205.75 g, and the body length was 206.3 mm. Male mice accounted for 77.77% of the body weight of female mice. Female rats give birth to an average of 4 litters, up to 7 litters. Each zokor digs an average of about 1 ton of soil a year, and the number of mounds pushed out to the ground is 252.1 hm². The dry weight of the soil pushed to the ground alone reaches 1043.8 kg, and the grassland area covered is 22.5 hm². The daily food intake of each zokor is 90-120 g, and each zokor can eat 21 kg of fresh grass for 7 months a year, with high reproduction rate and strong destructive power.