青海玉树市高海拔地区高原鼠兔怀孕期解剖调查

Anatomical Survey of Plateau Pikas during Pregnancy in High Altitude Area of Yushu City, Qinghai Province

摘要:

目的为准确掌握青海玉树市天然草场高原鼠兔，在怀孕期危害程度及其繁殖性能，了解鼠害动态局势，及时开展灭鼠工作，提高草原生产力，方法是从2020~2021年对玉树市高原鼠兔全面进行了野外实地调查、动态监测，样方面积为1/15 hm²，捕捉、解剖、观察测定和统计。结果表明：高原鼠兔在玉树高海拔地区，气候严寒，一年只能繁殖一次，每胎产仔1~9只，3~6只者居多，占孕鼠的91%，平均产仔3.58只。雄鼠体重158 g，体长147 mm，雌鼠体重176 g，体长150 mm，雌鼠在种群中占52.5%，生殖能力与种群性别比例有着一定的相关性。经833例剖胃测定日食量为77.3 g，是其体重的50%左右，1只成鼠在牧草生长季节4个月可食牧草9.5 kg,52只成年鼠兔日消耗牧草量相对于1头藏系绵羊的日食量，而高原鼠兔混合种群的采食量每只每天66.0 g,食量大，繁殖率高，破坏力强。

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to accurately grasp the degree of harm and reproductive performance of plateau pikas in the natural pastures of Yushu City, Qinghai Province, understand the dynamic situation of rodent damage, carry out rodent control in time, and improve grassland productivity. This method is to conduct a comprehensive field survey and dynamic monitoring of plateau pikas in Yushu City from 2020 to 2021. The sample area is 1/15 hm2, and they are captured, dissected, observed, measured and counted. The results show that the plateau pika can only reproduce once a year in the severe cold climate of the high altitude of Yushu. 1~9 litter per litter, mostly 3~6 litters, accounting for 91% of pregnant mice, with an average litter of 3.58 litters. The weight of male mice is 158g, and the body length is 147 mm; the weight of female mice is 176g, and the body length is 150 mm. Female mice account for 52.5% of the population. There is a certain correlation between reproductive ability and population sex ratio. We measured the daily food intake of 833 cases by gastrotomy to be 77.3g, which was about 50% of their body weight. An adult mouse can eat 9.5 kg of forage grass for 4 months in the forage growing season, and the amount of forage grass consumed by 52 adult pikas is equivalent to the daily food intake of one Tibetan sheep. However, the feed intake of the plateau pika mixed population was 66.0 g per day, with large food intake, high reproductive rate and strong destructive power.